Donetsk is a city in eastern Ukraine on the Kalmius river. Administratively, it is a center of Donetsk Oblast, while historically it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the Donets Basin region, or Donbass. The city's name is often simplified to Donetsk

1,131,700 inhabitants; the metropolitan area has 1,566,000 inhabitants. It is the fourth-largest city in Ukraine. Donetsk and the surrounding territories are heavily urbanized and agglomerated into conurbation. The workforce is heavily involved with heavy industry, especially coal mining, but the city is very green and lightly-polluted for being a major industrial city. Donetsk has one of the highest standards of living in the region.

While the majority of people in central and western Ukraine speak Ukrainian, most residents of Donbas are Russian-speaking Ukrainians and native Russians. The Russian language is dominant in Donbas. Ukrainians are 56,9% of Donetsk region and Russians are 38,2%.

Donetsk was founded in 1869 when the Welsh businessman built a metallurgical plant and several coal mines near a Cossack settlement Alexandrovka. The town initially was given the name Yuzovka. By the beginning of the 20th century Yuzovka had approximately 50,000 inhabitants, and attained the status of a city in 1917. In 1924 the city's name was changed to Stalino after Joseph Stalin. The Nazi invasion during World War II almost completely destroyed the city, which was mostly rebuilt on a large scale at the war's end. During Nikita Khrushchev's second wave of destalinization immediately after the 22nd Communist Party Congress in November 1961, all Soviet cities named after Stalin were renamed. Stalino's name was changed to Donetsk, after the Donets river, a tributary of the Don.